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From then, the number of viruses has grown exponentially. The first IBM PC compatible 'in the wild' computer virus, and one of the first real widespread infections, was ' Brain' in 1986.

Cohen used the term 'computer virus' to describe programs that: 'affect other computer programs by modifying them in such a way as to include a (possibly evolved) copy of itself.' (note that a more recent definition of computer virus has been given by the Hungarian security researcher Péter Szőr: 'a code that recursively replicates a possibly evolved copy of itself'). In 1983, the term 'computer virus' was coined by Fred Cohen in one of the first ever published academic papers on computer viruses. The first known that appeared 'in the wild' was ' Elk Cloner', in 1981, which infected Apple II computers. The Creeper virus was followed by several other viruses. Some people consider 'The Reaper' the first antivirus software ever written – it may be the case, but it is important to note that the Reaper was actually a virus itself specifically designed to remove the Creeper virus. The Creeper virus was eventually deleted by a program created by Ray Tomlinson and known as ' The Reaper'.

This computer virus infected Digital Equipment Corporation's ( DEC) PDP-10 mainframe computers running the TENEX operating system. See also: Timeline of computer viruses and worms 1949–1980 period (pre-antivirus days) Īlthough the roots of the computer virus date back as early as 1949, when the Hungarian scientist John von Neumann published the 'Theory of self-reproducing automata', the first known computer virus appeared in 1971 and was dubbed the ' Creeper virus'.

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